Género Aeromonas como patógeno oportunista emergente en peces  y humanos, y su resistencia a antibióticos

Dulce Andrea Montes-Pérez; Antonino Baez; Berenice Venegas; Rosalina María de Lourdes Reyes-Luna; Dalia Molina-Romero

doi:10.32776/revbiomed.v34i2.1075

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v34i2.1075

Género Aeromonas como patógeno oportunista emergente en peces y humanos, y su resistencia a antibióticos

Dulce Andrea Montes-Pérez, Antonino Baez, Berenice Venegas, Rosalina María de Lourdes Reyes-Luna, Dalia Molina-Romero

Resumen

Aeromonas es un género bacteriano reportado como patógeno emergente; debido a su capacidad de generar enfermedades infecciosas que afectan el sistema gastrointestinal, el circulatorio y algunos tejidos blandos de individuos inmunocomprometidos, adultos mayores e infantes. También, Aeromonas se comporta como un patógeno oportunista de mamíferos y peces, y posee diversos factores de virulencia. Este género prolifera en diversos ambientes como el suelo, agua y diferentes hospederos. La presente revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo describir los procesos metabólicos y genéticos que le confieren al género Aeromonas la resistencia a antibióticos, la capacidad de formar biopelícula, los genes regulados por el Quorum Sensing (QS) y la transferencia horizontal de genes. Además, de discutir algunas características que posicionan a la infección por Aeromonas como un problema potencial de salud pública. La revisión exhaustiva se realizó en las bases de datos del Centro Nacional de Información Biotecnológica (NCBI) y del Instituto Multidisciplinario de Publicaciones Digitales (MDPI), del 2017 a la fecha y se consideraron los siguientes criterios de búsqueda: factores de virulencia, resistencia a antibióticos formación de biopelícula y transferencia horizontal de genes. La investigación indicó que Aeromonas presenta varios factores de virulencia extracelulares, enzimáticos y estructurales; es resistente a antibióticos como betalactámicos, tetraciclinas y macrólidos y presenta varios genes que le confieren esta resistencia; asimismo, el género tiene la capacidad de formar biopelícula y posee tres sistemas de QS.

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