Critical review of clinical trials regarding Vitamin D supplementation

Gumersindo Vazquez-Castillo, Alfonso Murillo-Uribe, Osvaldo Huchim-Mendez, Rafael G Coral-Cardenas, Nina Mendez-Dominguez

Resumen

ABSTRACT. Vitamin D is supplemented in individuals with or without risk factors for deficiency, although its effects at specific doses and frequency are controversial. In consequence, we aimed to perform an exhaustive review on the effects of vitamin D supplementation in randomized clinical trials in adult patients, grouped by target system and the evaluation criteria established in the objectives, by searching clinical trials published in the last 5 years in PubMed and EBSCO are included, with the keywords "vitamin D supplementation" AND effect, in English or Spanish, excluding participants <19 years Our initial search yielded 91 results from two databases, of which 71 included studies. A total of 24 articles published a significant effect of vitamin D supplementation. Significant effects were identified in 3 of 4 studies in postmenopausal patients on bone density and/or strengthening of the musculoskeletal system. Other statistically significant effects were observed with supplementation in patients with high body mass index, in glucose control and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. We conclude that randomized clinical trials show significant effects in different organs and systems, the effect on glycemic control is promising, even when overrepresenting specific human groups.

Resumen. La vitamina D se suplementa en individuos con o sin factores de riesgo de deficiencia, aun cuando sus efectos a dosis y frecuencia específicos son controvertidos. En consecuencia, nos planteamos el objetivo de revisar exhaustivamente los efectos de la suplementación con vitamina D en los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados en pacientes adultos, agrupados por sistema blanco y a los criterios de valoración establecida en los objetivos. En la búsqueda se incluyeron los ensayos clínicos publicados en los últimos 5 años en PubMed y EBSCO, con las palabras clave “vitamina D suplementación” y “efecto”, en inglés o español, excluyendo a los participantes <19 años. Como resultado, la búsqueda inicial arrojó 91 resultados de dos bases de datos, de ellos 71 estudios incluidos. Un total de 24 artículos publicaron un efecto significativo de la suplementación de vitamina D. Los efectos significativos se identifican en 3 de 4 estudios en pacientes posmenopáusicas sobre la densidad ósea y/o fortalecimiento del sistema musculoesquelético. Otros efectos significativos se observaron con la suplementación en pacientes con índice de masa corporal elevada, en el control de la glucosa y los niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada. En conclusión, los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados muestran efectos significativos en diferentes órganos y sistemas. El efecto sobre el control glucémico es prometedor aun cuando existen grupos humanos sobrerrepresentados.

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