DOI: https://doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v16i1.532

Influenza y vacunación

Alexander Piñón- Ramos, Suset Oropesa-Fernández, Carlos Aragonés-López, Galindo AcostaHerrera Belsy AcostaHerrera, Bárbara Hernández-Espinosa

Resumen

El virus Influenza fue el responsable de la mayor pandemia registrada en la humanidad hasta la emergencia  el virus causante del Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida. Una medida histórica del potencial letal de los virus Influenza, es que murieron más personas en la pandemia de 1918-19 que en la Primera Guerra Mundial. La Influenza es una infección respiratoria aguda causada por los virus Influenza A o B. El periodo de incubación varía de uno a cuatro días. El pico de excreción viral ocurre aproximadamente entre 1 y 3 días después del inicio de los síntomas. El cuadro típico de Influenza incluye aparición abrupta de fiebre y síntomas respiratorios como tos (frecuentemente no productiva), dolor de garganta, y coriza, así como también síntomas sistémicos, tales como dolor de cabeza, dolores musculares, y fatiga. La severidad clínica de la infección puede ir desde una enfermedad asintomática, hasta neumonía viral primaria y la muerte. Los síntomas agudos duran alrededor de 2 a 4 días aunque el malestar y la tos pueden continuar por alrededor de dos semanas. Las complicaciones por Influenza incluyen neumonía secundaria bacteriana y exacerbación de marcadas condiciones crónicas de salud. La mejor vía en la prevención de la infección por los virus Influenza es la vacunación, la cual funciona por la exposición del sistema inmune a cepas inactivadas del virus que no pueden provocar enfermedad. Se ha recomendado la vacunación anual contra Influenza en personas de alto riesgo de sufrir complicaciones relacionadas a la enfermedad y también en sus contactos más cercanos. Cada año la vacunación anti-Influenza salva miles de vidas. La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda fuertemente la vacunación contra Influenza para aquellas personas que están en riesgo de contraer la infección por el virus Influenza. Esta es la medida más efectiva de reducir el impacto de la Influenza en la comunidad. En Cuba, la influenza es la quinta causa de muerte, junto a la neumonía. En nuestro país se lleva a cabo la vacunación de grupos de riesgo. Con el objetivo de conocer aspectos relacionados a las vacunas antiInfluenza se realizó el presente trabajo.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v16i1.532

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