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El Sistema de Endocannabinoides como regulador de la lipogénesis y su posible modulación por la mangiferina
Resumen
Actualmente es innegable la participación del sistema endocannabinoides (SEC) en la regulación metabólica; ya que su sobre estimulación ha sido relacionada con varias patologías entre las que se encuentran obesidad, diabetes mellitus, retinopatía e hígado graso no alcohólico, entre otras. Estas patologías se relacionan mutuamente a través de alteraciones del metabolismo de los lípidos, como lo es una sobreestimulación de la síntesis de ácidos grasos, una disminución en la beta-oxidación, hiperglicemia causada por un aumento de la gluconeogénesis, así como en la glucólisis, procesos en los cuales se ha descrito al SEC como un participante crucial. Por otro lado, algunos compuestos fitoquímicos, tales como la mangiferina (MGF), han probado sus efectos farmacológicos en el metabolismo de lípidos a nivel hepático y en el control glicémico. Hasta el momento se desconoce el efecto de la mangiferina sobre los receptores de endocannabinoides, por lo que esta revisión trata de mostrar como el sistema de endocannabinoides regula a nivel sistémico (órganos y tejidos) y a nivel central (Sistema Nervioso) la lipogénesis, además de resaltar como la mangiferina participa de manera opuesta al SEC. Finalmente se infiere, con base en la información publicada hasta el momento, una relación clara entre el posible efecto que pueden tener la MGF sobre el SEC.
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