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Utilidad del ultrasonido versus biopsia en el diagnóstico de metástasis a ganglio centinela en pacientes con cáncer de mama
Resumen
Introducción: El ultrasonido del ganglio centinela puede ser útil en la detección temprana de metástasis de mama. Objetivo: Comparar la utilidad del ultrasonido versus biopsia de ganglio centinela en el diagnóstico de metástasis del ganglio centinela en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal en un grupo de 148 pacientes con cáncer de mama registrados en la Sociedad Anticancerosa de Venezuela enero 2018-diciembre 2020. Resultados: Se encontró que la mayor cantidad de casos con metástasis ganglionar en aquellos con edad mayor de 40 años (83,1%). El carcinoma ductal infiltrante fue el ente más frecuentemente encontrado (83,8% [n=119]) (p=0,03). La concordancia diagnóstica del ultrasonido preoperatorio para el diagnóstico correcto de un ganglio centinela fue de 0,28 que de acuerdo a la escala de Kappa es aceptable (p=0,001). Tomando a la biopsia como el estándar de oro, el correcto diagnóstico del ganglio centinela por ultrasonido fue de 66,4% (Intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC95%] de 57,7% a 74,2%), la sensibilidad fue de 47,3% (IC95%, 33,9%-61,1%), la especificidad de 79,7% (IC95%, 68,9%-87,5%), el valor predictivo positivo fue de 61,9% (IC95%, 45,6%-76,0%) y el valor predictivo negativo fue de 68,5% (IC95%, 57,8%-77,5%). Conclusión: El ultrasonido tiene una utilidad aceptable en el diagnóstico de metástasis del ganglio centinela.
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