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El estrés oxidativo e inflamación en el infarto: Factores clave en la remodelación cardíaca
Resumen
Los síndromes isquémicos coronarios agudos (SICA) son unas de las primeras causas de mortalidad en la población mundial. Este término se aplica en pacientes en los cuales existe sospecha o confirmación de isquemia o infarto agudo al miocardio. Dentro de estos se encuentran el infarto de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST (IAMSEST), el infarto con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) y la angina inestable. Estos síndromes llevan a fenómenos de remodelación cardíaca, con cambios estructurales y funcionales, íntimamente relacionados con estados inflamatorios crónicos que se tornan patológicos, mediados por factores celulares y humorales que afectan la calidad de vida de los que lo padecen. En el presente artículo se aborda la relación entre la inflamación y el infarto al miocardio, su fisiopatogenia, los principales mediadores químicos, la inmunomodulación y el papel del estrés oxidativo en la remodelación post-infarto, ofreciendo herramientas para la comprensión y el abordaje terapéutico de dichas complicaciones. Para esto, se realizó una revisión descriptiva en bases de datos de PubMed, ScienceDirect y ResearchGate, incluyendo información de los últimos 5 años en estudios de ciencia básica y clínica, resaltando las perspectivas terapéuticas de este espectro patológico para la mejora del diagnóstico y pronóstico de estas enfermedades.
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