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Relación de las alteraciones del sueño con el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus gestacional.
Resumen
Dormir es una actividad fundamental para la salud, por lo que cuando ocurren alteraciones del sueño aumenta el riesgo de trastornos metabólicos, cardiovasculares, endocrinos y neurológicos. Los cambios anatómicos y la fisiología respiratoria del embarazo afectan el curso normal del sueño, impactando en la salud de la mujer embarazada a tal grado que las alteraciones del sueño durante la gestación se asocian con un mayor riesgo de complicaciones obstétricas como la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). La DMG afecta del 4 al 30% de los embarazos en México y se asocia con complicaciones a corto y largo plazo tanto en la madre como en el neonato. Una serie de estudios recientes proporcionan evidencia de una relación entre la alteración del sueño con el desarrollo de DMG y proponen al estrés oxidativo, la inflamación, la activación del sistema nervioso simpático y la desregulación hormonal como mecanismos subyacentes de dicha relación. Esto pone de relieve la importancia de la alteración del sueño como un factor modificable dirigido a una disminución de la frecuencia de DMG. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión descriptiva de los diferentes estudios publicados desde el año 2013 al 2022, que han abordado la relación entre la alteración del sueño con el desarrollo de DMG con énfasis en los mecanismos propuestos. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron PubMed Central y Scielo, utilizando las palabras clave: trastornos del sueño y diabetes gestacional.
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